“I was interested in exploring the idea of the end justifying the means,” said history teacher David Maron about the recent 8th grade debates that are part of a unit focused on the ethics of warfare. “I wanted students to understand that each difficult question has various sides that can be argued,” he explained. “I wanted them to have to imagine how the arguments match up with one another…with the hope that they would more wholly see the worth of the arguments.”  After several classes discussing Just War Theory, students chose a position from a set of complex debate topics introduced by David: Is it justifiable to intern a certain domestic population during war time?  Is the use of drones an ethical means of war fighting?  Is the use of a nuclear weapon ever a legitimate act of war?  Is it necessary to use misinformation during wartime propaganda?

By allowing students to choose their position, rather than assigning it, David gave students the chance to argue for something they are interested in or passionate about. With the momentum of personal investment already in hand, students researched evidence to back up their argument. But they also researched facts that would likely be used against them. By exploring the other side, anticipating counterpoints, and preparing rebuttals, students deepen their understanding and also build confidence and composure under pressure – which emerged during the 20-minute peer-juried debate.David uses debate in history class as a dynamic learning tool that accomplishes a lot at once. It teaches students how to prepare for both sides of an argument, develops analytical thought, and builds confidence in public speaking and persuasive voice. It also creates a valuable space for organized conflict: a place where it’s not only okay to have a different opinion, it’s expected. Debate helps students get comfortable with different opinions, practice calm conflict, and develop the ability to engage even in the face of disagreement. From civics to family life, the reach of these skills is limitless.